When purchasing Viscosity in the online store, if a quantity of 2 or more licenses is entered, a Serial Delivery option will appear. This option controls the type of serial number that will be delivered for the licenses purchased.
viscosity serial number
Please be aware this option will not impact the number of users or machines that your license can be used for, it only changes the format of the serial number for the purchase. For more information, please see Using Your License On Multiple Computers.
Selecting the Single Volume Serial option will result in a single serial number that can be used for multiple machines or users (referred to as "seats"). For example, if ordering 10 copies of Viscosity, you will receive a single serial number that can be used for up to 10 seats.
Single Volume Serial licenses can also be extended at a later date, allowing you to continue to use the same serial if you need to purchase more seats. Please see License Upgrades and Volume Extensions for more information
Selecting the individual serial option will result in multiple serial numbers being issued; a single individual serial number per copy purchased. For example, if ordering 10 copies of Viscosity, you will receive 10 unique serial numbers.
The Serial Delivery option is presented to allow you to select your preferred method of delivery to end users. In most enterprise environments, the Single Volume Serial option is preferred, as it allows Viscosity to be easily integrated into imaged/managed environments. Using Viscosity's bundling process (Mac here, Windows here) is also much simpler with a single serial number.
The Individual Serial option may be preferred if opting to issue each user with their own unique serial number. This may be desired to make it easier to keep track of allocated copies if disclosing company-wide license information to users (who would enter the license details themselves) is undesirable, or simply for personal preference. It may be harder to keep track of what serials are in use though, as it cannot be determined what serial number Viscosity is registered with.
Recent advances in synchrotron sources, beamline optics and detectors are driving a renaissance in room-temperature data collection. The underlying impetus is the recognition that conformational differences are observed in functionally important regions of structures determined using crystals kept at ambient as opposed to cryogenic temperature during data collection. In addition, room-temperature measurements enable time-resolved studies and eliminate the need to find suitable cryoprotectants. Since radiation damage limits the high-resolution data that can be obtained from a single crystal, especially at room temperature, data are typically collected in a serial fashion using a number of crystals to spread the total dose over the entire ensemble. Several approaches have been developed over the years to efficiently exchange crystals for room-temperature data collection. These include in situ collection in trays, chips and capillary mounts. Here, the use of a slowly flowing microscopic stream for crystal delivery is demonstrated, resulting in extremely high-throughput delivery of crystals into the X-ray beam. This free-stream technology, which was originally developed for serial femtosecond crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers, is here adapted to serial crystallography at synchrotrons. By embedding the crystals in a high-viscosity carrier stream, high-resolution room-temperature studies can be conducted at atmospheric pressure using the unattenuated X-ray beam, thus permitting the analysis of small or weakly scattering crystals. The high-viscosity extrusion injector is described, as is its use to collect high-resolution serial data from native and heavy-atom-derivatized lysozyme crystals at the Swiss Light Source using less than half a milligram of protein crystals. The room-temperature serial data allow de novo structure determination. The crystal size used in this proof-of-principle experiment was dictated by the available flux density. However, upcoming developments in beamline optics, detectors and synchrotron sources will enable the use of true microcrystals. This high-throughput, high-dose-rate methodology provides a new route to investigating the structure and dynamics of macromolecules at ambient temperature.
The high temperature viscosity is the number after the dash and is related to the viscosity of the oil as it is moving around your engine after the car has warmed up and is at normal engine temperature. In the 5W-30 example, the 30 defines the viscosity of the oil at normal engine temperatures. Again, the lower the number, the lower the viscosity of the oil and the faster the oil will move around the engine.
As a matrix with low background scattering is important in collecting a high-resolution dataset from 1 μm (or smaller) crystals, the use of a sample column with a smaller diameter (50 μm), which contributes to the reduction of sample consumption and background scattering from the matrix, is advisable. We therefore extruded the 25% dextrin palmitate/DATPE grease matrix as a continuous column with a diameter of 50 μm through a 50-μm-i.d. nozzle (Supplementary Fig. S1f), but the 25% dextrin palmitate/paraffin grease had a slightly unstable sample stream with a tendency to induce curling of the stream, due to the lower viscosity of the paraffin grease than that of the DATPE grease at the same concentration of 25% (w/w) dextrin palmitate (Supplementary Table S1 and Supplementary Fig. S3). In addition, the pressure values of HPLC pump on sample extrusion in the SFX experiments clearly differentiated the DATPE matrix showed higher pressure than the paraffin matrix (Table 1). This trend of a low viscous sample having an unstable stream was particularly notable when a sample column had a small diameter (such as 50 μm). Increasing the matrix viscosity by increasing the concentration of dextrin palmitate as a gelator will produce high background scattering noise from the dextrin palmitate. In such cases, a highly viscous DATPE matrix is useful for preventing the disturbance of the sample stream by XFEL exposures in the SFX experiments.
The EZ Zahn Viscosity Dip Cup is the finest, most reliable, ASTM calibrated & documented viscosity cup on the market. It is not matched by any other dip cup of its type, either with respect to the advantages listed below, in highest quality of workmanship or in continuing quality control procedures. All EZ Viscosity Cups are made of stainless steel and are calibrated at our Gardco Service Department.
Guide for removing the G-series calibrating oil from Gardco viscosity cups. - Any remaining material in the cup must be removed by flushing with a suitable solvent. Light naphtha, heptane, octane, highly aromatic solvents, and or any other petroleum-derived hydrocarbon solvent can be used. Varsol is a commercial solvent that works very well for this purpose. Varsol is a registered trademark of the Exxon Company.
Completely dry the viscosity cup with a lint free cloth. Use a highly volatile solvent for a second cleaning as since any remaining hydrocarbon solvents from the first process will evaporate quickly after the sample has been flushed from the cup. Hypersolve, MEK and Alcohol can be used in aluminum cups and Hypersolve and Alcohol for the stainless steel cups. Acetone is commonly used as the second solvent because of its high volatility and its ability to dissolve traces of petroleum solvents and water.
Standard "G" Series Oils - Warning: Silicone fluids should not be used to calibrate viscosity cups. These materials change the interface between the cup surface and the test material and therefore change the cup calibration. The following is taken from ASTM D445: Viscometers used for silicone fluids should be reserved for the exclusive use of such fluids. Solvent washings from these viscometers should not be used for cleaning other viscometers.
Emerson's Micro Motion Coriolis, density and viscosity technologies deliver superior flow measurement expertise while providing customers with the confidence and insight they need to continuously improve safety and efficiency in the most critical process applications.
PSL Rheotek glass viscometers are mouth blown from low-expansion borosilicate glass tubing in our glassblowing workshop in Essex. The precision bore used for the capillary section is held to the close tolerance of 0.01mm. Glass viscometers are clearly marked with timing lines and other inscriptions as well as a unique serial number. A glass bridge is provided to give additional strength and the finished instrument is fully annealed.
Keywords: third-generation synchrotrons; pink-beam serial crystallography; injector-based serial crystallography; structure determination; membrane proteins; protein structures; X-ray crystallography; structural biology.
Our results demonstrate for the first time the feasibility of using a polychromatic or pink X-ray beam to collect single snapshots from randomly oriented micrometre-sized crystals delivered by a viscous media injector. In similar or equal conditions of crystal quality, size and concentration, by using a broader energy bandwidth of 5% at BioCARS, a much smaller number of diffraction patterns were required to assemble a complete data set compared with monochromatic radiation, which dramatically reduces the amount of sample required for structure determination. However, the 5% bandwidth is probably too wide. The ideal bandwidth is probably slightly wider than that required to record full reflections of optimal SNR without rotating the crystal in the X-ray beam.
Finally, the pink-beam mode would offer a clear opportunity to expand this methodology to XFELs (Dejoie et al., 2013). The combination of the extraordinary properties of XFELs, which offer exceptionally brilliant, microfocused X-ray pulses, a few femtoseconds in duration, with a high repetition rate and full spatial coherence, along with a broader energy bandwidth, could have an enormous impact in the field of serial femtosecond crystallography especially in time-resolved studies (also referred to as `molecular movies'). 2ff7e9595c
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